What are the judicial powers of the US Supreme Court and where does this power come from (specific documents)?

The judicial powers of the US Supreme Court include being able to declare things unconstitutional, hear cases that involve the US as a party, cases affecting ambassadors or other public ministers, cases between different states or citizens of different states, cases of maritime or admiralty jurisdiction, cases in which citizens are claiming land that is under grants, and controversies between a state (or foreign state) and its citizens. All of the above powers are specifically listed under the Constitution in Article III, Section 2.